[Length 4.5 in. Wingspan 6.25 in.]

This male Tropical Parula was photographed along the Devil's River north of Del Rio, Texas, USA. Photo taken with a Nikkor EDAF 300 f4.0 lens on Kodachrome 200 film. (Date: April 2000)

[Length 4.5 in. Wingspan 6.25 in.]

Although this female "Parula" shows many of the field marks of a Northern Parula, it was paired with a male Tropical Parula in riparian habitat along the Devil's River north of Del Rio, Texas, USA. This area along the Devil's River is not within the known breeding range of the Northern Parula in Texas, USA. (Note: It did show a yellow malar area (unfortunately not visible in this photogrqaph) and slightly more extensive yellow on the upper belly and flanks than a typical female Northern Parula. These are both indicators for Tropical Parula. Both the location of this bird and its "mixture" of field marks indicate that these two species might be more closely related than is currently thought.) Photo taken with a Nikkor EDAF 300 f4.0 lens on Kodachrome 200 film. (Date: April 2000)

[Length 5.25 in. Wingspan 7.75 in.]

This male American Redstart was photographed at the TOS Sabine Woods Sanctuary, Sabine Pass, Texas, USA. Photo taken with a Nikkor 300mm EDAF-S VR f2.8 lens + Nikkor TC20E II 2.0x Teleconverter (EFL=900mm) on a Nikon D200 camera. (Date: May 1, 2008)

[Length 5.25 in. Wingspan 7.75 in.]

This female American Redstart was photographed at Sabine Woods - TOS, Texas, USA. Photo taken with a Nikkor 300mm EDAF-S f4 lens + Nikkor TC20E II 2.0x Teleconverter (EFL=900mm) on a Nikon D100 camera. (Date: May 8, 2006)

[Length 5.25 in. Wingspan 7.75 in.]

This male American Redstart was photographed at the TOS Sabine Woods Sanctuary, Sabine Pass, Texas, USA. Photo taken with a Nikkor 300mm EDAF-S VR f2.8 lens + Nikkor TC20E II 2.0x Teleconverter (EFL=900mm) on a Nikon D200 camera. (Date: May 3, 2008)

[Length 5.25 in. Wingspan 7.75 in.]

This male American Redstart was photographed at Frontera Audubon, Weslaco, Texas, USA. Photo taken with a AF-S VR Nikkor 300mm f/2.8G IF-ED lens (EFL=450mm) on a Nikon D300 camera. (Date: May 3, 2009)

[Length 5.25 in. Wingspan 7.75 in.]

This American Redstart was photographed at TOS Sabine Woods Sanctuary, Texas, USA. Photo taken with a AF-S VR Nikkor 300mm f/2.8G IF-ED lens + Nikkor TC17E II 1.7x Teleconverter (EFL=750mm) on a Nikon D300 camera. (Date: April 22, 2010)

[Length 5.25 in. Wingspan 7.75 in.]

This male American Redstart was photographed at SPI Convention Center gardens, South Padre Island, Texas, USA. Photo taken with a AF-S VR Nikkor 300mm f/2.8G IF-ED lens (EFL=450mm) on a Nikon D7000 camera. (Date: April 30, 2011)